ESJH Chemistry - Med 101

Dear Students:

Good luck on the Final Residency. Feel free to email me at john.gibney@gmail.com to see how you did on the exam.

Study Guide Answers
1. D

2. A

3. D

4. A

5. B

6. B

7. A

8. C

9. A

10. C

11. C

12. B

13. D

14. A

15. C

16. C

17. A

18. D

19. B

20. B

21. C

22. D

23. B

24. B

25. D

26. B

27. D

SHORT ANSWER
28. Atoms form chemical bonds to establish a more-stable arrangement. As independent particles, they are at high potential energy. By bonding, they decrease their potential energy, thus becoming more stable.

29. Atoms in a molecular compound share electrons to achieve stability. Atoms in an ionic compound gain or lose electrons to form ions.

30. An ion is a positively or negatively charged atom; an ionic bond occurs when oppositely charged ions attract each other and an equal exchange of electrons takes place.

Stoichiometry: 125 points
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A

2. A

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. B

7. A

8. B

9. B

10. C

Solutions Residency - 200 Points
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. B

2. D

3. D

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. C

8. A

9. A

10. B

11. D

12. B

13. B

SHORT ANSWER
14. Solute particles of antifreeze interfere with the way water particles organize themselves when freezing, the solution freezes, if cold enough, at the lower freezing point.

15. vary

16. f.p goes down, b.p. goes up


Gases
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. B

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. B

9. A

10. C

11. D

12. C

13. C

14. B

15. C

16. A

17. C

18. B

19. C

20. A

21. A

22. C

Try the Virtual Titration Lab

-Explain in 5 sentences what you learned (on your sheet... you will continue the alternative fuels webquest afterwards)

Complete the Following Internet WebQuest after the Titration Demonstration

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Introduction

It seems that every year when the summer travel season comes around, the price of gasoline goes up. Because most Americans depend upon personal vehicles to get from one place to another, this increase in price affects all of us. Gasoline is one of the products of the petroleum refining process. Much of the petroleum used in the United States is imported from overseas. This means that gasoline prices are tied to the prices that oil-exporting countries charge for crude oil.

However, it doesn’t have to be this way. For the last thirty years, many researchers and scientists have been experimenting with alternatives to gasoline. Some alternative fuels have been developed that can be added to gasoline to reduce the overall cost. Other alternative fuels can be used directly in present-day engines. Most alternative fuels can be considered renewable resources because they can be replenished easily, and can never run out. Petroleum, on the other hand, is a nonrenewable resource that can be used up. What are alternative fuels? Where do alternative fuels come from? What alternative fuels are in use today? In this WebQuest, you will explore the topic of alternative fuels and find the answers to some of these questions.

Resources

Look at the web sites given here to find the information that will enable you to answer questions about alternative fuels.

• Alternative Fuels Data Center. Visit this U.S. Department of Energy site to learn all about alternative fuels, alternative fuel vehicles, and refueling sites. Scroll down and click on frequently asked questions to find out the definition of alternative fuels. Explore the site for information on biodiesel fuel, electric fuel, ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane, and more.
  
  
• Alternative Fuels. Go to this Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) site to learn more about alternative fuels. Scroll down and click on clean fuels: an overview to find out what clean fuels are and how they can reduce overall vehicular air pollution.
  
  
• Topical Reports: Alternative Fuels for Fleet Vehicles. Visit this site by the Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center to see how government and private industry have experimented with alternative fuels in their vehicles. Scroll down to learn more about alternative fuels such as natural gas, propane, ethanol, methanol, electricity, hydrogen, and biodiesel fuel. This site lists web sites for each of these alternative fuels.
  
  
• Bio Energy. Visit this site by the Farm Service Agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to learn how this agency seeks to expand the industrial consumption of agricultural products by promoting their use in the production of bioenergy, primarily ethanol and biodiesel fuel.
  
  
• The BioEnergy Home Page. Go to this site to find out all about bioenergy, bioconversion, and bioprocess technology. Although this is a more technical site intended for those in the energy industry, you can scroll down and click on frequently asked questions for a brief explanation of how biomass energy forms.
  
  
• Biofuels Program Research. At this site by the National Biofuels Program of the U.S. Department of Energy you can learn more about biofuels. Biofuels can supply the U.S. with alternatives to imported oil. Scroll down and click on bioethanol to learn how biomass is converted to bioethanol fuel.
  
  
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Go to this U.S. Department of Energy site to read about this laboratory where scientists evaluate biomass fuels such as ethanol and methanol, as well as other renewable energy resources such as hydropower and wind energy.
  
  
• Ethanol Information Centre. Visit this Canadian site to learn more about ethanol as a fuel. Click on fuel ethanol and food supply to see how growing crops to produce ethanol might affect food production in Canada

• Questions about Alternative Fuels - please answer individually on notebook paper
  

1. What is an alternative fuel and how does it differ from regular gas?
   
   
2. Give two examples of alternative fuels and where you might find them.
   
   
3. What is biomass?
   
   
4. Give three examples of biomass fuels.
   
   
5. What are the four types of biomass that can be converted into alternative fuels?
   
   
6. What is bioenergy?
   
   
7. What is biodiesel fuel? What is it made from?
   
   
8. What is ethanol? What is it made from? And what is methanol? What is it made from?
   
   
9. How is biomass converted to ethanol?
10. Do you think that we should provide tax incentives for people to use alternative fuels? Why or why not?
    

Acids and Bases - Study Guide

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. B

2. B

3. D

4. A

5. B

6. C

7. D

8. C

9. B

10. B

11. C

12. D

13. D

14. C

15. C

16. B

17. A

18. B

19. B

20. A

21. C

22. A

23. B

24. C

25. D

26. B

27. A

28. A

29. A

30. B

31. D

32. C

33. A

34. A

35. B

36. B

37. A

38. B

39. C

40. A

41. C

42. D

43. C

44. A

MATCHING

45. C

46. C

47. A

48. B

49. B

50. A

51. C

52. A

SHORT ANSWER

53. how completely a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water

54. Concentration refers to the amount of acid or base dissolved in solution. Strength refers to how completely the acid ionizes in solution.

55. a solution containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH

56. see thursday’s clarification notes

Extra Credit 5/15 - 5/19

The Great Yucca Mountain Webquest:

One of our favorite state Grade Level Expectations says “Assess environmental issues related to the storage, containment, and disposal of wastes associated with energy production and use (PS-H-G4)”

In order to rock this we are going to evaluate the debate over shipping nuclear waste to a dump site located in Yucca Mountain in Nevada. Congress voted in 2002 to use Yucca Mountain for waste but the site has been mired in controversy and questions ever since. Will we ever get an answer for Yucca Mountain? You are about to help out.

Your job is to create an ultimate PowerPoint on Yucca Mountain to share with the class. Your PowerPoint should have the following (please save the PowerPoint on the G drive in “06 Gibney Chemistry”)

Slide 1: Title Page

Slide 2 – 3: Briefly analyze both sides of the debate. Using your journalistic instincts (probably honed by watching too much TV), write a brief synopsis of the debate which could be read as a news report.

Two good sources for this assignment are an article from the Seattle Post Intelligencer and a report from National Public Radio.

Slides 3 – 8: Present the views of a group with a vested interest in the debate. You and your partner may select one of the following parties...

The purpose of your presentation is to inform the rest of the committees of the issues regarding your topic. Both you and your partner will present the project.

Critical thinking is key in earning a perfect grade.

Use the Following Links to Help:

National and Government Sources
Yucca Mountain.org

American Nuclear Society
Yucca Mountain Project
Yucca Mountain Standards from the EPA
Berkley Lab Work on Yucca Mountain Project
Yucca Mountain Geophysical Studies from USGS
The Science of Yucca Mountain - coverage from National Public Radio"
Mapscience.org
Nuclear Energy Institute
Energy Information Agency
Yucca Mountain Youth Zone - Meet Yucca Johnny!!!

Nevada Sources
The Las Vegas Sun - Yucca Mountain Coverage
Yucca Mountain Facts
Nevada Nuclear Waste Task Force
Nye County Nuclear Waste Depository Office
Citizen Alert
Eureka County Nevada Nuclear Waste

Minnesota Sources
Minnesota Public Interest Research Group (MPRIG)
Minnesotans for Sustainable Energy
Minnesota Environmental Quality Board: Nuclear Waste
Prarie Island Coalition

Finding Legal Documents
Library of Congress - Thomas

Chem EC 5/8 - 5/12

Chem Extra Credit May 1 - 5th

Extra Credit: 4/24 - 4/28